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Development of the Reception of Imperial envoys at the English/British royal court (1660 –1750)", international conference "Splendid Encounters 8: The Gestures of Diplomacy: Gifts, Ceremony, Body Language (1400-1750)
Autoři: Kubeš Jiří
Rok: 2019
Druh publikace: ostatní - přednáška nebo poster
Název nakladatele: Premodern Diplomats Network
Strana od-do: nestránkováno
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Jazyk Název Abstrakt Klíčová slova
eng Development of the Reception of Imperial envoys at the English/British royal court (1660 –1750)", international conference "Splendid Encounters 8: The Gestures of Diplomacy: Gifts, Ceremony, Body Language (1400-1750) The author attempted to analyse the development of the first audiences of imperial envoys at the St Jamesʹ court between 1660 and 1750. He used the sample of approximately twenty diplomats of the Austrian Habsburgs that reached the shores of England during this period. Only two of them gained during their stay the title of ambassador (Count Starhemberg 1722, Count Kinsky, 1732). There are several reasons why Habsburg emperors sent to England their envoys only (tradition, ceremonial, economic aspects). The paper was based on the instructions and reports that are preserved in the Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv in Vienna and on English daily press as well. The author focused on the style of audiences (public/private), their venue (residences in England, the Netherlands or in the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg) and mainly on used ceremonial rules and the role of the Master of Ceremonies. He explained the ceremonial differences among the English/British monarchs from the Stuart and Hanoverian dynasty and analysed mainly the crucial changes that were introduced by James II in 1680s. This English king declined to respect the privileged position of Holy Roman Emperor in the European royal society and attempted to unify ceremonial rules for reception of all envoys. The author analysed the reactions of imperial envoys that had faced this innovation. audience; ceremony; England; court; envoys; Austrian Habsburgs; 17 century; 18 century

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