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Voices in Hard News: Generic and Dialogic Perspectives
Authors: Nádraská Zuzana
Year: 2016
Type of publication: kapitola v odborné knize
Name of source: Professional Genres from an Interpersonal Perspective
Publisher name: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Place: Newcastle upon Tyne
Page from-to: 8-48
Titles:
Language Name Abstract Keywords
cze Vícehlasí v textu novinové zprávy z hlediska žánrového a dialogického Kapitola se zabývá typickou žánrovou strukturou novinové zprávy, která je založena na nelineární a nechronologické prezentaci informace (Iedema, Feez & White; White 1998). Žánrová perspektiva je doplněna o perspektivu dialogickou (Bakhtin 1981; Martin & White 2005), která bere v potaz přítomnost externích hlasů vstupujících do textu v podobě přímých a nepřímých forem prezentace. Výzkum se soustředí na ty kontexty, kdy externí hlasy řazené v juxtapozici vyjadřují shodný nebo protichůdný postoj či názor, a tím do jisté míry linearizují jinak nelineárně založenou žánrovou strukturu novinové zprávy. Přítomnost externích hlasů a jejich vliv na žánrovou strukturu a komunikační cíl je též posuzován z hlediska prototypu a přínáležitosti textu jako tokenu k žánru jako ideálnímu typu. novinová zpráva; žánr; žánrová struktura; dialog; vícehlasí; formy prezentace; prototyp
eng Voices in Hard News: Generic and Dialogic Perspectives This chapter raises the issue of the generic ‘orbital’ structure of hard news, characterized by the ad hoc, non-linear and non-chronological presentation of information (Iedema, Feez & White; White 1998). The study also adopts a complementary, dialogic approach (Bakhtin 1981; Martin & White 2005) and considers the orbital structure in terms of so-called concurring and concessive sequences. Concurring and concessive sequences are heteroglossic concepts based on the presence of voices expressing agreement and disagreement respectively. In addition, concessive/concurring sequences are established only when dis/agreement is expressed by voices in adjacent position, a situation which accentuates contrast or similarity in point of view and highlights dialogic interaction. The presence of concessive/concurring sequences does not obliterate the orbital structure, but when the dialogic and generic perspectives are combined and mapped onto each other, the dialogic interaction between adjacent voices in sequences may to some extent be interpreted as linearizing news content and structure. The study attempts to synthesize the generic perspective with the perspective of dialogue and heteroglossia, and it examines a number of relevant aspects of this synthesis. First, it explores the elements of the orbital structure and their participation in the creation of sequences. Second, it discusses whether the interaction between different voices may cause a departure from the orbital structure, shifting the primary communicative aim of hard news and, as a result, influencing the prototypicality of news items and their generic affiliation. Third, since voices participating in the creation of concessive and concurring sequences are primarily external to the voice of the reporter and much of the presented material belongs to the realm of reported language and thought, the chapter touches upon the ways in which forms of presentation contribute to the formation of sequences. hard news; genre; orbital generic structure; dialogue; heteroglossia; concurring and concessive sequences; forms of presentation; prototype

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